A closer look at stroke - the symptoms and proper care

STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. — In the United States there are approximately 800,000 incidences of stroke each year. This makes stroke the third leading cause of death in the United States, and the leading cause of significant disability.

Over 500,000 of these strokes are first time episodes, the rest are recurrent. A brain attack, which is now synonymous with stroke, occurs every 45 seconds in the United States. Stroke is the term that describes the interruption of blood flow or nutrients to part of the brain.

It can be divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic events. An ischemic stroke is a stroke, in which blood does not get to a portion of the brain and the brain dies. Approximately 80 to 85 percent of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic strokes are strokes associated with bleeding in the brain. They occur approximately 15 to 20 percent of the time.

The most common cause of stroke, both hemorrhagic and ischemic, is hypertension. Other causes of stroke include valvular heart disease(damaged heart valves), atrial fibrillation (abnormal heart rhythm), diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking and abnormal lipid level (cholesterol elevated in the blood.)

SYMPTOMS

Interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain affects the function of that part of the brain. Signs and symptoms include slurred speech, blurred vision, weakness, numbness, and cognitive problems. Symptoms of stroke are:

1. Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially occurring on one side of the body.

2. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.

3. Sudden trouble seeing with one or both eyes.

4. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness or severe loss of balance.

5. Severe headache with no other cause.

Less than 50 percent of Americans are able to identify the symptoms of stroke. Organizations, such as the American Heart Association and National Stroke Association, have made public awareness of stroke symptoms a major healthcare initiative. In the last 10 years, new treatments for acute stroke have become available. A medication called tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) has been shown in numerous studies to reduce mortality and significant disability from stroke. The important feature is that the medicine must be given within three hours of the onset of symptoms.

A recent study shows a patient may benefit from the medicine even up to four and a half hours after the stroke has begun.

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